Chemical composition of the essential oil of the fruit of Ferula assa-foetida L. obtained by steam distillation solvent extraction methodhas been studied by GC/MS for the first time. Fifty-four components, comprising 96.9% of the total oil, were identified.epi-α-Cadinol (23.15 %), germacrene B (10.98 %), α-gurjunene (6.18 %), (Z)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (5.89 %), 5-epi-7-epi-α-eudesmol (4.89 %), -cadinene (4.78 %), -cadinene (3.36 %) and germacrene D (3.09 %) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. The oil of the fruit of F. assa-foetidaconsisted of ten monoterpene hydrocarbons (6.14%), twenty-six sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (43.48%), nine oxygenated sesquiterpenes (37.77%), one oxygenated hydrocarbon (0.35%), and nine volatile sulfides (11.18%).